Gynaecomastia

Gynaecomastia is the development of abnormal mammary gland tissue in boys or men. This can occur in one or both breasts and can sometimes cause pain or sensitivity.

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Symptoms

At birth, both girls and boys have small glandular discs behind the nipple. In boys, these usually disappear in childhood. During puberty, these mammary glands may swell (temporarily). In cases of gynaecomastia, there is abnormally large mammary gland development.

Cause

The cases below may be to blame:

  • Imbalance between male and female sex hormones
  • Liver disease
  • Disorder of the testicle

Research

Diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination. During this, the doctor assesses the breast tissues and looks for any abnormalities. To confirm the diagnosis or rule out other conditions, imaging such as an ultrasound or mammogram may be needed. A blood test may be performed to measure hormone levels and detect underlying causes.
Ultrasound breasts
Mammography

Treatment

Often gynaecomastia can go away on its own. This is usually the case when the problem occurs during puberty. If the gynaecomastia does persist and you experience pain and discomfort, you may be given medication that is going to affect hormone levels in order to reduce the size of the breast tissue.

In severe or persistent cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the excess breast tissue so that the breast contour improves and your discomfort disappears.

Aftercare

Lifestyle modifications such as healthy diet and regular exercise can help maintain hormonal balance. Because gynaecomastia can also cause psychological stress, it may be helpful to seek psychological support as well. A psychologist can help you deal with any body image issues that arise as a result of this condition.

Departments

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General and abdominal surgery

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