Stoma
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Why a stoma?
A stoma is an artificial opening that is surgically created. This allows stool or urine to leave the body when the normal route through the bowel or bladder is no longer possible. This may be necessary for conditions such as colon cancer, Crohn's disease, severe diverticulitis or other diseases in which the bowel or bladder is affected. A stoma is also often inserted after partial removal of the bowel or bladder or when the organ needs temporary rest to heal.
How does a stoma work?
A stoma is an opening in the abdominal wall, through which part of the bowel or is led out. The ureters may be connected to a piece of small intestine that is led out. The opening is connected to a pouch (ostomy bag) worn outside the body to collect stool or urine. A stoma can be permanent or temporary.
Depending on the type of stoma, stool or urine may be discharged differently through the stoma:
- Colostoma (construction on the colon): solid stool passes through the stoma.
- Ileostoma (disposition to the small intestine): usually thin stool passes through the opening.
- Urostoma: urine is discharged through the stoma.
Living with a stoma
Living with a stoma requires adjustment, both physically and emotionally. After surgery, the patient receives guidance from a stoma nurse who teaches how to care for and replace the ostomy bag. Many people can resume normal activities, including work, sports and social activities, after a period of habituation.
Important aspects of living with an ostomy include:
- Ostomy care: Changing the ostomy bag regularly and keeping the skin around the stoma clean and dry is essential to prevent infections and skin irritation.
- Diet and nutrition: At first, you may need to adjust your diet to avoid problems such as flatulence or constipation. Over time, most people can return to eating normally.
- Emotional impact: Having a stoma can be emotionally challenging; many patients enjoy connecting with other ostomates for support and advice.