Elbow injuries (orthopaedics)

Anatomy

The elbow joint is composed of three bones: the upper arm, the radius and the ulna. This structure allows the arm to extend, bend and rotate about its longitudinal axis. The surrounding capsule and ligaments provide much of the joint's stability.

A joint cannot actively move without the proper muscles. The biceps muscle allows the arm to bend, while the triceps muscle is responsible for stretching. These muscles must be stimulated by nerves. On the inside of the arm is a groove through which the ulnar nerve runs, this nerve causes tingling in the ring finger and the little finger when the elbow is struck. The radialis nerve runs under the muscles along the outside to the forearm, the median nerve runs along the front to the forearm.

The last important structures in the elbow are the veins and arteries. They irrigate the muscles and bones, among other things.

Diagnosis

The orthopaedic surgeon diagnoses an elbow injury through a thorough examination with imaging (radiology) if necessary. Based on this diagnosis, the specialist doctor prescribes treatment, which may include medication and/or physical therapy. At some point or for certain injuries, surgery may be necessary.