Frozen shoulder

Cause

The cause is not always known. Usually there is no direct cause and we call it a primary frozen shoulder. When the frozen shoulder has an underlying cause such as trauma, surgery, bursitis, calcification,... we speak of a secondary frozen shoulder.

Symptoms

The following symptoms may occur:

• Pain (especially) in the upper arm: at first with sudden movements, eventually also at rest.
• Joint stiffening: the shoulder is less mobile.
• Nighttime pain and frequent waking.

Diagnosis

A diagnosis is made based on the pattern of symptoms and a clinical examination. Imaging cannot confirm, only identify a possible additional cause. Sometimes an X-ray or ultrasound is done to rule out other causes.

During the examination the stiffness of the joint is particularly noticeable. Especially rotation of the schoulder is limited and painful. 

Treatment

Attempts are first made to resolve the problem by avoiding triggering activities and using anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) and painkillers. An effective way is to inject these anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids. This can be done up to three times. Physical therapy can also bring relief. Here, the joint is massaged and you are given exercises within your pain threshold. Surgery is rarely necessary.

The course of the injury consists of three stages. First you experience an acute inflammation with pain. Then follows fading of the pain but stiffness of the joint. Slowly the stiffness will disappear and the movement will recover itself. This proces takes time and a full recovery can take up to three years when there is no underlying cause. 

Want to know more about your rehabilitation?

You can follow an orthopaedic rehabilitation program for this condition.

Orthopaedic rehabilitation