Removal of the spleen (splenectomy)
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The role of the spleen
The spleen is located in the upper left side of the abdomen. The organ plays an important role in the immune system and the filtering of blood. Among other things, it removes bacteria and defective blood cells from the blood and is an important part of the immune system. If your spleen is not working properly, you are more susceptible to infections.
Why is the spleen removed?
Spleen removal may be chosen for several reasons:
- Trauma: serious injuries to the spleen can be life-threatening because of bleeding.
- Cancer: blood cancers such as leukemia can affect the spleen.
- Infection: serious infections or abscesses in the spleen.
- Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly): this can cause discomfort, pain and an increased risk of rupture.
- Hypersplenism: an "overactive" spleen that takes away too many good blood cells, causing deficiencies.
Examination
Several examinations are performed prior to the planned removal of the spleen. Imaging may be necessary to assess the size, position and any disorders. Vaccinations are given before surgery to reduce infection risks after the procedure. If your spleen was removed urgently, these vaccinations are given three weeks after surgery.
Intervention
Surgical removal of the spleen can be done laparoscopically or through open surgery depending on your situation.
Aftercare
Life without a spleen requires some permanent adjustments to reduce the risk of infections and other health problems. For example, you will need to be vaccinated for some major infectious diseases before and/or after surgery. You will also have recurrent vaccinations such as the flu shot every year. In some cases, a course of antibiotics may be necessary to prevent infections. It is best to always have an emergency supply of antibiotics with you so you can take them immediately when needed.
In some cases, it is necessary to take antibiotics daily for the first two years after the procedure. Your doctor will discuss this with you during the consultation.
Make sure your surroundings and caregivers are aware that you no longer have a spleen so they can be on alert with you. If you are planning a long-distance trip, it is best to inquire at the Travel Clinic or the Institute of Tropical Medicine.